Plant Breeding and Rural Development in the United States

Plant breeders contributed enormously to the agricultural and economic development of the United States. By improving the profi tability of farming, plant breeders improved the economic condition of farmers and contributed to the growth and structure of rural communities. In the years since World War II, agriculture and the quality of rural life have been driven by policies that encouraged and subsidized an agroindustrial production model. Plant breeders responded by developing methods and deploying products attuned to agroindustrial clients. Major achievements by plant breeders of the era include the development of higher-yielding crops suitable to new environments and mechanized harvesting and shipping. As social, technological, and economic changes reinforced the expansion and dominance of the agroindustrial model, rural communities sustained high levels of out-migration. At the same time, a variety of societal and economic forces have encouraged new food system models, including the locavores and community-supported agriculture. Sustainability indices refl ect the desire of megaretailers to make the relationship between consumers and the production of their food more transparent. These forces, along with an increased focus on the quality of rural life in America, represent opportunities for plant breeders to address the needs of new clients, to develop methods appropriate to their client’s values, and to serve traditional clients in new ways. K.E. Woeste, USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center at Purdue Univ., Pfendler Hall, 715 West State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907; S.B. Blanche, Dean Lee Research Station, Louisiana State Univ. Agricultural Center, 8105 Tom Bowman Dr., Alexandria, LA 71302; K.A. Moldenhauer, Univ. of Arkansas Rice Research & Extension Center, 2900 Hwy. 130 E., Stuttgart, AR 72160; C.D. Nelson, USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, Southern Institute of Forest Genetics, Harrison Experimental Forest, 23332 Old Mississippi 67, Saucier, MS 39574. Received 6 Oct. 2009. *Corresponding author ([email protected]). Abbreviations: IPP, intellectual property protection; RD, rural development. Published in Crop Sci. 50:1625–1632 (2010). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2009.10.0572 Published online 1 July 2010. © Crop Science Society of America | 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.